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Undersea Cables

How One Snip From Sebastian the Crab Could Cripple the Global Economy

The Hidden Lifelines of the Internet: Undersea Cables

Have you ever wondered how the Internet connects countries across vast oceans? The answer lies in thousands of undersea cables stretching deep beneath the ocean’s surface. These cables are the backbone of global communication, yet few people think about how they work—or the risks they face.

Like the arms of a mighty octopus, undersea cables wrap around the Earth, linking continents and powering nearly all transoceanic digital communication, including phone calls, emails, and streaming. The first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid in 1866, according to WIRED magazine, paving the way for modern wired communication. Over time, the technology evolved from coaxial cables in the 1950s, which supported telephone calls, to today’s fiber-optic cables, capable of transferring massive amounts of data at incredible speeds.

If you’ve ever been curious about how these cables are installed or where they’re located, check out this video and map for a closer look.

Despite their importance, undersea cables face constant threats. Fishing nets and ship anchors cause nearly 60% of cable damage, according to WIRED. Sharks, seismic activity, and even geopolitical interference add to the risks. Accidental cuts can disrupt communication for millions, and their repair requires highly specialized ships and expertise. The scale of the network is staggering. More than 1.3 million kilometers (over 800,000 miles) of undersea cables crisscross the ocean floor, connecting almost every country. These cables carry over 95% of international data, highlighting their indispensable role in the global economy. From facilitating financial transactions to enabling streaming services, these cables keep the world running, often unnoticed by the very people who rely on them daily.

History shows that sabotaging these cables has been a wartime strategy, used in both World Wars. Although such acts are rare today, the vulnerability of these cables reminds us how much we rely on them for global connectivity.

Given their critical importance, it’s worth pondering the risks and the resilience of this underwater infrastructure. Could society’s reliance on these cables leave us vulnerable? Are they an outdated method of managing global data, or an irreplaceable lifeline?

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